path: root/jdisc_http_service/src/test/java/com/yahoo/jdisc/http/server/jetty/HttpServerTest.java

// Copyright 2018 Yahoo Holdings. Licensed under the terms of the Apache 2.0 license. See LICENSE in the project root.
package com.yahoo.jdisc.http.server.jetty;

import com.google.inject.AbstractModule;
import com.google.inject.Module;
import com.yahoo.container.logging.AccessLog;
import com.yahoo.container.logging.AccessLogEntry;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.References;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.Request;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.Response;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.application.BindingSetSelector;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.handler.AbstractRequestHandler;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.handler.CompletionHandler;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.handler.ContentChannel;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.handler.RequestHandler;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.handler.ResponseDispatch;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.handler.ResponseHandler;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.http.ConnectorConfig;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.http.ConnectorConfig.Throttling;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.http.Cookie;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.http.HttpRequest;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.http.HttpResponse;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.http.ServerConfig;
import com.yahoo.jdisc.service.BindingSetNotFoundException;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.FormBodyPart;
import org.apache.http.entity.mime.content.StringBody;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;

import java.net.BindException;
import java.net.URI;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;

import static com.yahoo.jdisc.Response.Status.GATEWAY_TIMEOUT;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.Response.Status.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.Response.Status.NOT_FOUND;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.Response.Status.OK;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.Response.Status.REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.Response.Status.UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONNECTION;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.http.HttpHeaders.Names.CONTENT_TYPE;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.http.HttpHeaders.Names.COOKIE;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.http.HttpHeaders.Names.X_DISABLE_CHUNKING;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.http.HttpHeaders.Values.APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.http.HttpHeaders.Values.CLOSE;
import static com.yahoo.jdisc.http.server.jetty.SimpleHttpClient.ResponseValidator;
import static org.cthul.matchers.CthulMatchers.containsPattern;
import static org.cthul.matchers.CthulMatchers.matchesPattern;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.instanceOf;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.not;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.startsWith;
import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.when;

/**
 * @author Oyvind Bakksjo
 * @author Simon Thoresen Hult
 */
public class HttpServerTest {

    @Test
    public void requireThatServerCanListenToRandomPort() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(mockRequestHandler());
        assertThat(driver.server().getListenPort(), is(not(0)));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatServerCanNotListenToBoundPort() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(mockRequestHandler());
        try {
            TestDrivers.newConfiguredInstance(
                    mockRequestHandler(),
                    new ServerConfig.Builder(),
                    new ConnectorConfig.Builder()
                            .listenPort(driver.server().getListenPort())
            );
        } catch (final Throwable t) {
            assertThat(t.getCause(), instanceOf(BindException.class));
        }
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatBindingSetNotFoundReturns404() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newConfiguredInstance(
                mockRequestHandler(),
                new ServerConfig.Builder()
                        .developerMode(true),
                new ConnectorConfig.Builder(),
                newBindingSetSelector("unknown"));
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
              .expectStatusCode(is(NOT_FOUND))
              .expectContent(containsPattern(Pattern.compile(
                      Pattern.quote(BindingSetNotFoundException.class.getName()) +
                      ": No binding set named 'unknown'\\.\n\tat .+",
                      Pattern.DOTALL | Pattern.MULTILINE)));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatTooLongInitLineReturns414() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newConfiguredInstance(
                mockRequestHandler(),
                new ServerConfig.Builder(),
                new ConnectorConfig.Builder()
                        .requestHeaderSize(1));
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
              .expectStatusCode(is(REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatAccessLogIsCalledForRequestRejectedByJetty() throws Exception {
        AccessLogMock accessLogMock = new AccessLogMock();
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newConfiguredInstance(
                mockRequestHandler(),
                new ServerConfig.Builder(),
                new ConnectorConfig.Builder().requestHeaderSize(1),
                binder -> binder.bind(AccessLog.class).toInstance(accessLogMock));
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
                .expectStatusCode(is(REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));

        assertThat(accessLogMock.logEntries.size(), equalTo(1));
        AccessLogEntry accessLogEntry = accessLogMock.logEntries.get(0);
        assertThat(accessLogEntry.getStatusCode(), equalTo(414));
    }

    private static class AccessLogMock extends AccessLog {

        final List<AccessLogEntry> logEntries = new ArrayList<>();

        AccessLogMock() { super(null); }

        @Override
        public void log(AccessLogEntry accessLogEntry) {
            logEntries.add(accessLogEntry);
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatServerCanEcho() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new EchoRequestHandler());
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
              .expectStatusCode(is(OK));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatServerCanEchoCompressed() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new EchoRequestHandler());
        SimpleHttpClient client = driver.newClient(true);
        client.get("/status.html")
                .expectStatusCode(is(OK));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatServerCanHandleMultipleRequests() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new EchoRequestHandler());
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
              .expectStatusCode(is(OK));
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
              .expectStatusCode(is(OK));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatFormPostWorks() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler());
        final String requestContent = generateContent('a', 30);
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                      .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
                      .setContent(requestContent)
                      .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(startsWith('{' + requestContent + "=[]}"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatFormPostDoesNotRemoveContentByDefault() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler());
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                        .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
                        .setContent("foo=bar")
                        .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(is("{foo=[bar]}foo=bar"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatFormPostKeepsContentWhenConfiguredTo() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = newDriverWithFormPostContentRemoved(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler(), false);
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                        .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
                        .setContent("foo=bar")
                        .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(is("{foo=[bar]}foo=bar"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatFormPostRemovesContentWhenConfiguredTo() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = newDriverWithFormPostContentRemoved(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler(), true);
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                        .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
                        .setContent("foo=bar")
                        .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(is("{foo=[bar]}"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatFormPostWithCharsetSpecifiedWorks() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler());
        final String requestContent = generateContent('a', 30);
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                      .addHeader(X_DISABLE_CHUNKING, "true")
                      .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED + ";charset=UTF-8")
                      .setContent(requestContent)
                      .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(startsWith('{' + requestContent + "=[]}"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatEmptyFormPostWorks() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler());
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                      .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
                      .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(is("{}"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatFormParametersAreParsed() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler());
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                      .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
                      .setContent("a=b&c=d")
                      .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(startsWith("{a=[b], c=[d]}"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatUriParametersAreParsed() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler());
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html?a=b&c=d")
                      .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
                      .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(is("{a=[b], c=[d]}"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatFormAndUriParametersAreMerged() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler());
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html?a=b&c=d1")
                      .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
                      .setContent("c=d2&e=f")
                      .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(startsWith("{a=[b], c=[d1, d2], e=[f]}"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatFormCharsetIsHonored() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = newDriverWithFormPostContentRemoved(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler(), true);
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                        .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED + ";charset=ISO-8859-1")
                        .setBinaryContent(new byte[]{66, (byte) 230, 114, 61, 98, 108, (byte) 229})
                        .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(is("{B\u00e6r=[bl\u00e5]}"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatUnknownFormCharsetIsTreatedAsBadRequest() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler());
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                        .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED + ";charset=FLARBA-GARBA-7")
                        .setContent("a=b")
                        .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }
    
    @Test
    public void requireThatFormPostWithPercentEncodedContentIsDecoded() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler());
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                        .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
                        .setContent("%20%3D%C3%98=%22%25+")
                        .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(startsWith("{ =\u00d8=[\"% ]}"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatFormPostWithThrowingHandlerIsExceptionSafe() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ThrowingHandler());
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                        .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
                        .setContent("a=b")
                        .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatMultiPostWorks() throws Exception {
        // This is taken from tcpdump of bug 5433352 and reassembled here to see that httpserver passes things on.
        final String startTxtContent = "this is a test for POST.";
        final String updaterConfContent
                = "identifier                      = updater\n"
                + "server_type                     = gds\n";
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new EchoRequestHandler());
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                        .setMultipartContent(
                                newFileBody("", "start.txt", startTxtContent),
                                newFileBody("", "updater.conf", updaterConfContent))
                        .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(containsString(startTxtContent))
                .expectContent(containsString(updaterConfContent));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatRequestCookiesAreReceived() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new CookiePrinterRequestHandler());
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                      .addHeader(COOKIE, "foo=bar")
                      .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(containsString("[foo=bar]"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatSetCookieHeaderIsCorrect() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new CookieSetterRequestHandler(
                new Cookie("foo", "bar")
                        .setDomain(".localhost")
                        .setHttpOnly(true)
                        .setPath("/foopath")
                        .setSecure(true)));
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
              .expectStatusCode(is(OK))
              .expectHeader("Set-Cookie",
                      is("foo=bar;Path=/foopath;Domain=.localhost;Secure;HttpOnly"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatTimeoutWorks() throws Exception {
        final UnresponsiveHandler requestHandler = new UnresponsiveHandler();
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(requestHandler);
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
              .expectStatusCode(is(GATEWAY_TIMEOUT));
        ResponseDispatch.newInstance(OK).dispatch(requestHandler.responseHandler);
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    // Header with no value is disallowed by https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2
    // Details in https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/issues/1116
    @Test
    public void requireThatHeaderWithNullValueIsOmitted() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new EchoWithHeaderRequestHandler("X-Foo", null));
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
              .expectStatusCode(is(OK))
              .expectNoHeader("X-Foo");
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    // Header with empty value is allowed by https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7230#section-3.2
    // Details in https://github.com/eclipse/jetty.project/issues/1116
    @Test
    public void requireThatHeaderWithEmptyValueIsAllowed() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new EchoWithHeaderRequestHandler("X-Foo", ""));
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
                .expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectHeader("X-Foo", is(""));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatNoConnectionHeaderMeansKeepAliveInHttp11KeepAliveDisabled() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new EchoWithHeaderRequestHandler(CONNECTION, CLOSE));
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
              .expectHeader(CONNECTION, is(CLOSE));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatConnectionIsClosedAfterXRequests() throws Exception {
        final int MAX_KEEPALIVE_REQUESTS = 100;
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newConfiguredInstance(new EchoRequestHandler(),
                new ServerConfig.Builder().maxKeepAliveRequests(MAX_KEEPALIVE_REQUESTS),
                new ConnectorConfig.Builder());
        for (int i = 0; i < MAX_KEEPALIVE_REQUESTS - 1; i++) {
            driver.client().get("/status.html")
                    .expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                    .expectNoHeader(CONNECTION);
        }
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
                .expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectHeader(CONNECTION, is(CLOSE));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatServerCanRespondToSslRequest() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstanceWithSsl(new EchoRequestHandler());
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
              .expectStatusCode(is(OK));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatConnectedAtReturnsNonZero() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ConnectedAtRequestHandler());
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
              .expectStatusCode(is(OK))
              .expectContent(matchesPattern("\\d{13,}"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatGzipEncodingRequestsAreAutomaticallyDecompressed() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newInstance(new ParameterPrinterRequestHandler());
        final String requestContent = generateContent('a', 30);
        final ResponseValidator response =
                driver.client().newPost("/status.html")
                        .addHeader(CONTENT_TYPE, APPLICATION_X_WWW_FORM_URLENCODED)
                        .setGzipContent(requestContent)
                        .execute();
        response.expectStatusCode(is(OK))
                .expectContent(startsWith('{' + requestContent + "=[]}"));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    @Test
    public void requireThatConnectionThrottleDoesNotBlockConnectionsBelowThreshold() throws Exception {
        final TestDriver driver = TestDrivers.newConfiguredInstance(
                new EchoRequestHandler(),
                new ServerConfig.Builder(),
                new ConnectorConfig.Builder()
                        .throttling(new Throttling.Builder()
                                            .enabled(true)
                                            .maxAcceptRate(10)
                                            .maxHeapUtilization(0.99)
                                            .maxConnections(10)));
        driver.client().get("/status.html")
                .expectStatusCode(is(OK));
        assertThat(driver.close(), is(true));
    }

    private static RequestHandler mockRequestHandler() {
        final RequestHandler mockRequestHandler = mock(RequestHandler.class);
        when(mockRequestHandler.refer()).thenReturn(References.NOOP_REFERENCE);
        return mockRequestHandler;
    }

    private static String generateContent(final char c, final int len) {
        final StringBuilder ret = new StringBuilder(len);
        for (int i = 0; i < len; ++i) {
            ret.append(c);
        }
        return ret.toString();
    }

    private static TestDriver newDriverWithFormPostContentRemoved(
            final RequestHandler requestHandler, final boolean removeFormPostBody) throws Exception {
        return TestDrivers.newConfiguredInstance(
                requestHandler,
                new ServerConfig.Builder()
                        .removeRawPostBodyForWwwUrlEncodedPost(removeFormPostBody),
                new ConnectorConfig.Builder());
    }

    private static FormBodyPart newFileBody(final String parameterName, final String fileName, final String fileContent)
            throws Exception {
        return new FormBodyPart(
                parameterName,
                new StringBody(fileContent, ContentType.TEXT_PLAIN) {
                    @Override
                    public String getFilename() {
                        return fileName;
                    }

                    @Override
                    public String getTransferEncoding() {
                        return "binary";
                    }

                    @Override
                    public String getMimeType() {
                        return "";
                    }

                    @Override
                    public String getCharset() {
                        return null;
                    }
                });
    }

    private static class ConnectedAtRequestHandler extends AbstractRequestHandler {

        @Override
        public ContentChannel handleRequest(final Request request, final ResponseHandler handler) {
            final HttpRequest httpRequest = (HttpRequest)request;
            final String connectedAt = String.valueOf(httpRequest.getConnectedAt(TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS));
            final ContentChannel ch = handler.handleResponse(new Response(OK));
            ch.write(ByteBuffer.wrap(connectedAt.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)), null);
            ch.close(null);
            return null;
        }
    }

    private static class CookieSetterRequestHandler extends AbstractRequestHandler {

        final Cookie cookie;

        CookieSetterRequestHandler(final Cookie cookie) {
            this.cookie = cookie;
        }

        @Override
        public ContentChannel handleRequest(final Request request, final ResponseHandler handler) {
            final HttpResponse response = HttpResponse.newInstance(OK);
            response.encodeSetCookieHeader(Collections.singletonList(cookie));
            ResponseDispatch.newInstance(response).dispatch(handler);
            return null;
        }
    }

    private static class CookiePrinterRequestHandler extends AbstractRequestHandler {

        @Override
        public ContentChannel handleRequest(final Request request, final ResponseHandler handler) {
            final List<Cookie> cookies = new ArrayList<>(((HttpRequest)request).decodeCookieHeader());
            Collections.sort(cookies, new CookieComparator());
            final ContentChannel out = ResponseDispatch.newInstance(Response.Status.OK).connect(handler);
            out.write(StandardCharsets.UTF_8.encode(cookies.toString()), null);
            out.close(null);
            return null;
        }
    }

    private static class ParameterPrinterRequestHandler extends AbstractRequestHandler {
        private static final CompletionHandler NULL_COMPLETION_HANDLER = null;

        @Override
        public ContentChannel handleRequest(final Request request, final ResponseHandler handler) {
            final Map<String, List<String>> parameters =
                    new TreeMap<>(((HttpRequest)request).parameters());
            final ContentChannel responseContentChannel
                    = ResponseDispatch.newInstance(Response.Status.OK).connect(handler);
            responseContentChannel.write(
                    ByteBuffer.wrap(parameters.toString().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)),
                    NULL_COMPLETION_HANDLER);

            // Have the request content written back to the response.
            return responseContentChannel;
        }
    }

    private static class ThrowingHandler extends AbstractRequestHandler {
        @Override
        public ContentChannel handleRequest(final Request request, final ResponseHandler handler) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Deliberately thrown exception");
        }
    }

    private static class UnresponsiveHandler extends AbstractRequestHandler {

        ResponseHandler responseHandler;

        @Override
        public ContentChannel handleRequest(final Request request, final ResponseHandler handler) {
            request.setTimeout(100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
            responseHandler = handler;
            return null;
        }
    }

    private static class EchoRequestHandler extends AbstractRequestHandler {

        @Override
        public ContentChannel handleRequest(final Request request, final ResponseHandler handler) {
            return handler.handleResponse(new Response(OK));
        }
    }

    private static class EchoWithHeaderRequestHandler extends AbstractRequestHandler {

        final String headerName;
        final String headerValue;

        EchoWithHeaderRequestHandler(final String headerName, final String headerValue) {
            this.headerName = headerName;
            this.headerValue = headerValue;
        }

        @Override
        public ContentChannel handleRequest(final Request request, final ResponseHandler handler) {
            final Response response = new Response(OK);
            response.headers().add(headerName, headerValue);
            return handler.handleResponse(response);
        }
    }

    private static Module newBindingSetSelector(final String setName) {
        return new AbstractModule() {

            @Override
            protected void configure() {
                bind(BindingSetSelector.class).toInstance(new BindingSetSelector() {

                    @Override
                    public String select(final URI uri) {
                        return setName;
                    }
                });
            }
        };
    }

    private static class CookieComparator implements Comparator<Cookie> {

        @Override
        public int compare(final Cookie lhs, final Cookie rhs) {
            return lhs.getName().compareTo(rhs.getName());
        }
    }
}